Login with Facebook
Close

All you need to know about Neuroendocrinology

Neuroendocrinology lies at the intersection of two major disciplines, neurobiology and endocrinology. These studies all forms of interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system: the control that the first exerts on the second, the actions those hormones can have on the nervous system in order to adapt the organism to fluctuations in the internal environment and the environment, and also the ability of the nervous system to produce peptide or steroid hormones. The real conductor of the endocrine concert is not the pituitary gland as we had initially thought, but the hypothalamic-pituitary complex linked and integrated into the central nervous system. Endocrine problems are, in fact, in most cases, from neuroendocrinology.

What is Neuroendocrinology?

As a branch of endocrinology, neuroendocrine science is dedicated to the interaction between the nervous and endocrine systems.

Neuroendocrinology deals with research as well as diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine diseases. As part of the field of endocrinology, neuroendocrine science is dedicated to the Interaction between the nerves - and hormonal system. On the one hand, it examines the effect the central nervous system has on hormonal processes. On the other hand, it is about the extent to which the hormones circulating in the blood influence the activity of nerve cells.

The central interface between the nervous system and the hormonal system is located in the human brain. These are called the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and are responsible for regulating important body functions. For example, they control metabolic processes, food intake, reproduction and breastfeeding. The function of the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands are also controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Diseases of neuroendocrine origin cause diverse and unspecific symptoms so that in many cases, they can only be diagnosed after many years.

Treatments & therapies

The main subject of neuroendocrine research is hormones, especially peptide hormones. These not only act as messenger substances in the body but also as neurotransmitters in the transmission of signals within the central nervous system. A disruption in the hormone-producing cells and tissues can cause various clinical pictures. Thousands of patients suffering from hormonal and metabolic diseases are treated every year. Neuroendocrine diseases are divided into several categories:

- Diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis,

- Diseases of the peripheral glands,

- Metabolic disorders,

- Sexual development disorders.

Pituitary dysfunction can result in either pituitary insufficiency or even a pituitary tumor. The pathogenesis and therapy of pituitary tumors are currently the focus of research in neuroendocrine research. By revealing the interactive mechanisms in pituitary tumors, immunosuppressive therapy methods can be developed. In addition, research into metabolic disorders plays an essential role in the development of antidepressant treatment methods, since a change in metabolism is often observed in depressed patients.

Quality of life is severely impaired in patients with active pituitary adenomas. This can lead to sleep disorders or increased pain. An improvement only occurs after successful therapy of the hormone excess. The gender reassignment hormone treatment for transsexuals is also part of the treatment spectrum of neuroendocrinology. Hormone treatment is also an option if a patient has hormone insufficiency. This is the case after a traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid hemorrhage, for example. Overall, the main research areas and the range of treatments in this sub-area are very broad.

The complicated interplay between hormones and the nervous system

The two most important structures in neuroendocrinology are the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (pituitary gland). Both lie in the brain and control vital functions from there.

The hypothalamus is responsible for, among other things

- Hunger,

- Thirst,

- a healthy day-night rhythm,

- the body temperature and

- Balanced blood pressure.

All these concerns are regulated by the increased or decreased release of corresponding controlling hormones.

The hormones produced in the hypothalamus are not distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream like those produced by other organs. Instead, the hypothalamic hormones act on the pituitary gland, also known as the pituitary gland, located below the hypothalamus, by regulating the release of hormones by the pituitary gland.

These pituitary hormones then control a wide variety of body functions from the thyroid to the adrenal glands to milk production in the female breast.

Areas of activity of a Neuro-endocrinologist

Neuro-endocrinologists are medical specialists who specialize in the treatment of diseases that originate from a malfunction of the neuroendocrine system. This can be caused, for example, by brain tumors or brain injuries. The neuroendocrine focuses include, for example:

- Tumors such as pituitary adenoma (benign tumor of the pituitary gland), multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (joint occurrence of benign pituitary tumors and benign parathyroid tumor)

- Impaired hormone production ( hormone insufficiency ) after a traumatic brain injury

- Thyroid and parathyroid diseases such as hyperthyroidism (overproduction of thyroid hormone), hypothyroidism (insufficient supply of thyroid hormone), hypoparathyroidism (decreased calcium levels mostly due to reduced parathyroid hormone production)

- Adrenal disorders such as hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome; increased cortisol production), hypocortisolism (Addison's disease; adrenal hypofunction ), hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome; overproduction of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex)

- Metabolic disorders such as hypercalcemia syndrome (increased calcium levels mostly due to increased release of calcium from the bones) and osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus (diabetes), obesity (obesity)

- Disorders of sex hormone production such as polycystic ovary syndrome

- Hormonal problems in psychiatric diseases

- Gender development disorders and transsexuality.

Neuroendocrinology: How hormones make us love

Researchers have discovered a group of neurons that become more activated when a high concentration of sex hormones circulating in the blood, leading to seek the companionship of the opposite sex.

Are you in the mood for flirting lately? This is probably partly linked to your sex hormones, which vary in blood levels, in women and men - albeit less markedly. But how do they act on the brain?

This is what the team of Garret Stuber, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, discovered. The researchers first identified a small group of neurons in mice that control attraction to the opposite sex and whose activity is influenced by sex hormones (estrogen or testosterone).

These neurons are found in the medial optic area, in the hypothalamus, at the center and at the base of the brain. Researchers have shown that they activate when a rodent breathes in the urine of a congener of the opposite sex - admittedly not the hottest stimulus in humans, but it works in mice, while they remain silent in the face of the urine of an animal of the same sex or the smell of another pleasant stimulus, such as food. Connected to brain dopamine factories, these neurons then trigger the release of this key substance of pleasure and desire. To confirm their driving role in attraction, the researchers turned them on artificially using called “optogenetic” techniques: the mice then spent more time with congeners of the opposite sex.

However, researchers have shown that these neurons have sex hormone receptors on their surface and become more active as the concentration of the latter is high. It is, therefore through them that hormones act on romantic behavior. Even if this is probably not the only mechanism leading to love, which can, of courseNeuroendocrinology, also concern people of the same sex?

Author: Vicki Lezama


Need a custom
essay?

We will write it for you.
Order now

Free Essay Examples

Free essays:

All you need to know about Neuroendocrinology
All you need to know about Big data management
All you need to know about digital special effects
All you need to know Technical Writing?
Basics the Game Theory in Cryptoeconomics
Business innovation ideas for making money
Biosensors for cancer diagnosis
Business Analysis: Pricing strategies and Demand Curve
Cognitive Computing- How does Cognitive Computing work?
Consciousness: characteristics and peculiarities
Conservation Economics
Cybersecurity in business: challenges, risks, and practices
Demographic trends and how they affect Economic Growth
Dance as an art form and entertainment
Discrimination Economics
Determinants of Wages
Everything you need to know about short-term memory
Economic and Policy Impacts of Demographics
Ethics: an essay on the understanding of evil
Emotions: what are they? Theories explained
Factors of Demographic Data Collection
Factors Affecting Purchasing Behavior
Financial Statement Analysis
Factors Influencing Interest and Exchange Rates
Government's Intervention in The Labor Market
Guide on the Pathways of the nervous system
Game theory in microeconomics
Globalization: definition, causes, social impact and risks
How Relativism Promotes Pluralism and Tolerance
How to use the audience’s feedback to write a news report
History of silent cinema
How news report can be strengthened through multimedia
Introduction to Population Problems
Imperfect Information and Asymmetric Information
Imperfect Information in Insurance
Introduction to Labor Markets
Journalism: What is News?
Journalism: Broadcast media and Television Presenters
Journalism: Sources of News
Journalism and Law
Key Determinants of National Income
Key Factors That Affect Pricing Decisions
Kinetic models in biology and Related fields
Know about the different forms of traditional African dances
Latest technology trends
Latest dance trends
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Microeconomic Analysis to the Demand for Labor
Neuromuscular disorders
National Economies, Fluctuation, and Responses to Fluctuations
Neurotransmitters: what they are and different types
Nanomedicines to target tumors
Objections to utilitarianism
Organizational motivation and its effects
Overcoming Hiring Challenges for Nonprofit Organization
Population Demographics
Recurrent neural networks (RNN) for speech detection
Russian School of Mathematics
Research and Development
Risk Sharing in Insurance and Asset Markets
Stochastic optimization methods in deep learning?
Structure of the nervous system
Structure of a Corporation
Schizoaffective disorder: how to live better with it
The climate change denial
The techniques of basic cinematography
The Endosymbiotic Theory
The Role of Internal Audit in Corporate Risk Management
Unions
Unemployment
Utilitarianism Vs. Kantianism
Understanding Auctions and Auction Theory: Part 2
Various theoretical perspectives of sociology
Virtual reality, what it is and how it works
What are the linear models in machine learning?
What is Convolutional Neural Network
4 Facts about Origin of Mathematics!
5 techniques to create an animation
10 emerging technologies according to World Economic Forum
10 strategies to maximize corporate profits
3d Model Of Building
6 Medical Technologies that revolutionized the healthcare in 2020
All you need to know about the ACA Code of ethics
Architecture and Democracy: An Introduction
Architecture and Democracy: Democratic Values
Architecture and Democracy: Democratic Procedures
All You Need to Know About a Synthesis Essay
An essential guide to understanding Film Theory
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cyber Security
Applications of electrical engineering
Augmented reality: what it is, how it works, examples
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Networking
All you need to know about Cryptography
Applications of astrophysical science
All you need to know about architecture engineering
Applications of geological engineering
Artificial intelligence and medicine: an increasingly close relationship
An insight into Computational Biology
ACA code of conduct
A Rose for Emily
Applications of Mathematics in daily life
Architecture mistakes to avoid
All you need to know about Toxicology
All you need to know about Holistic Medicine
All you need to know about linguistics
An introduction to Linguistics and its subfields
All you need to know about Anxiety disorder
All you need to know about Drones
A Brief Insight into Political Science
Assumptions related to feminism
All you need to know about Byzantine emperors
All you need to know about labour economics
An insight into xenobots -the first-ever robots
An ultimate guide about Biomaterials
A Comprehensive Introduction to the Mona Lisa
Analysis methods of Transport through biological membranes
An ultimate guide about biochemical reactions
Analysis of brain signals
Artificial Gene Synthesis
Application to synthetic biology of CAD methods
All you need to know about metabolic pathways
Applications of BIOMEMS
All you need to know about the epidemiology
Asian vs. western leadership styles
All you need to know about Smart prosthesis
Analysis of Economy: Output of Goods and Services (GNP), and GDP on Economic success
A Guide to Pricing Strategies
An Overview Of Economic Studies
Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policies
Analysis of Business Cycles
Analysis of Consumption and Investment
A Look into Regression Analysis
Analysis of Household's Consumption and Savings Behavior
All you need to know about Capital Budgeting
All you need to know about risk management
Art looted in wartime.
Appropriate use of Data in Economics
All you need to know about reaction kinetics?
A historical overview of Financial Crises
All you need to know about management discipline?
An insight into the error-correction models
All you need to know about Data visualization
All you need to know about Work-family balance
All you need to know Technical Writing?
All you need to know about digital special effects
All you need to know about Big data management
All you need to know about Neuroendocrinology
How to Write a Personal Essay
Housing Needs in America
How to Write a Description Essay
How to Create an Excellent Scholarship Essay?
How to write a cause and effect essay
How to Hire the Best Essay Writing Service Provider?
How to Write a College Application Essay?
How to get the most out of your English lectures
How to write Expository Essay
How to succeed in your psychology class?
How to Write an Academic Essay in the Shortest Time?
History of Journalism
How Different Sectors are Using Artificial intelligence (AI)
How to write an informative essay
How to deliver persuasive essays?
How to Give a Convincing Presentation
How to write an essay on leadership?
Historical Art Still Around Today
Humanoid robot: what it is, how it works and price
History of Chemistry
Healthcare Advanced Computer Power: Robotics, Medical Imaging, and More
Healthcare AI: Game Changers for Medical Decision-Making and Remote Patient Monitoring
How to understand different types of English
How to Cope with Chronic Pain
How African American choreographers and dancers have influenced American dance
How mobile robot can do in logistics or in production
How To Become a Successful Entrepreneur
History of the Philosophy of Feminism
How is the climate changing?
How to Track Your Content Marketing ROI
How to Gun control In the USA?
Historical and contemporary role of labour in the modern world
How breast cancers are classified?
How the cells of our body communicate?
How the Lymphatic System Works?
How Digestive System Works
How to complete your capstone projects effectively?
How to write a research project
Healthcare technologies that help patients with better self-management
How to choose the topic of the senior capstone project
How to make your business survive at economic crisis
How can immigrants blend in the American society?
How does the economics of war affect society?
Hate speech on social media.
How to Build an Economic Model
How to start a healthcare startup?
How can financial illiteracy harm you?
How cancer is developed - Cancer biology
How to define the Enterprise Value
How to conduct economic research?
How women can manage sexual harassment
How to use quotes in your news reports?
How news report can be strengthened through multimedia
History of silent cinema
How to use the audience’s feedback to write a news report
How Relativism Promotes Pluralism and Tolerance
Introduction to Urban Studies
Importance of dance in education
InMoov: how to build an open source humanoid robot
Importance of KYC verification to making the Blockchain secure
Importance of Rhythm
Importance of dance student evaluation
I/O control methods -types and explanations
Identity theft: what to do?
Introduction to Utilitarianism
Importance of 3d Modelling in Architecture
Importance of online journalism
Image processing in medical diagnosis
Introduction to USA Politics
Introduction to Comparative Politics
International Relations as a Major in Political Science
Importance of modern trade policy
Introduction to Journalism
Introduction to Writing a TV Script
Introduction of Microfabrication techniques
Introduction to Microeconomics
Interaction of Consumer and Firm Choices in Markets
Importance of corporate sustainability
Issues in International Monetary Macroeconomics
Introduction to Statistics and Data for Economics
Introduction to Data and Probability for Economics
Introduction to the Game Theory
Introduction to Econometrics
Introduction to Economic Information
Introduction to Market Equilibrium
Introduction to Economic Models and Application
Introduction to Empirical Research
Introduction to Econometric Data
Importance of Critical Thinking, Principles, and Goals
Introduction to Identification and Causal inferences
Introduction to Econometric Application
Intermediaries and Government in Financial Crisis
Importance and seven principles of quality management
Illiteracy in the USA
Introduction to Economics of Law
Introduction to Coase Theorem
Introduction to Social Choice and Incarceration
Intellectual Property and Product Liability
Investment in Human Capital
Introduction to Labor Markets
Imperfect Information in Insurance
Imperfect Information and Asymmetric Information
Introduction to Population Problems
The Looming Energy Crisis in America
Top benefits of performance-based engineering
The More Languages You Know, The More Times You Are a Man
Things to consider while writing an Argumentative Essay
Top Ways to Improve Your Academic Writing Skills
Tips to Excel in Creative Writing
The origins of films in the early 19th century
Top career options in Architecture
The Elevator Pitch
Top finance trends 2020
The basic Structure and functionality of robots
The Way to Success
The election system of the President in the United States of America
Two-party System in United States of America
Top trends in urban design
The history and theory of African American filmmaking
Top benefits of creative writing
Tinnitus Guide: Common Symptoms and Treatment Options
The language of dance
The digital image processing management
Top famous politicians of the World
Top methods of political science!
The history of the feminist movement
The blood flow in cardiovascular system - Biofluid Mechanics
The best of Leonardo Da Vinci
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The structure of cell: a research on the bricks of the human body!
Tissue and organ construction: Adhesion and recognition between cells
The kinetics of the transformation processes
The Modeling of Biological Systems
Tips for writing a great thesis statement
The Defense mechanisms against infections
The impact of the technological innovations in medicine
Top journalism trends to know about
The relation between mass media & politics
Theranostics: Diagnosis and Care through Nanoparticles
The practical Applications of X-rays
The applications of Ultrasound in medicine
Transfer mechanisms of genetic information in Bacteria
The regulation of cellular metabolism in the diagnosis
The Principles of MRI Contrast agents
The technical basis of optical coherence imaging
The New Media: Emerging Trends
The Structure of Interest Rates and the Yield Curve
Technological perspectives and reflections of neural engineering
Types of bioreactors and their applications
The Role of Government Policy in Improving Economic Outcomes
Types of corporate responsibility
The Role of IMF in International Monetary Macroeconomics
Tools for investment decision making
The concept of Organizational Culture and its applications
The Conduct of Monetary and Fiscal Policy
The Basics of Financial Accelerator Models
Tips for labeling medical devices- Medical Entrepreneurship
The different medical imaging techniques
The Economics of Uncertainty – Introduction
Theories of Public Policy
The Game Theory in Social Media
The political theory of Thomas Hobbes
The Use of Law on Economics and Vice Versa
The Role of Internal Audit in Corporate Risk Management
The Endosymbiotic Theory
The techniques of basic cinematography
The climate change denial
What is a Definition Essay?
What are diagnostic essays?
What is the relation between art structural engineering?
What is a Narrative Essay
What are robotics and intelligence systems?
What are the benefits of studying health sciences?
What is artificial intelligence and why it matters?
What is comparative Literature?
Why study neuroscience
What is Wi-Fi and how does it works
What is French history famous for?
What are Humanistic Studies?
What is covered in Biophysics?
What is modern journalism?
What is Virtualization? Benefits & Applications
What are modern public relations?
What is plasma physics?
What is teacher preparation?
What is rapid prototyping for 3D printing?
What is contemporary European Politics?
Why should you learn American Ballet?
What is engineering physics?
What is the purpose of African American Literature?
Ways to learn the Rhythm
What is digital art used for?
What are Enzymes and how do they work
Who is the father of political science?
Why Study Political Science - Job?
What is the Philosophy of Feminism?
What is a quantum computer?
Ways B2B Startups Streamline Their Conversion Strategies
Why do biomedical signals need processing?
What are the long term effects of climate change?
Why study labour relations
What is Holoprosencephaly?
What is antisocial disorder?
What are the important principles of evolution?
What is the cytoplasm and its function?
What is biopolymers?
What Makes a Good Leader
Women empowerment in modern generation
What is the history of political thought?
What is Gene recombination
What is synthetic biology
What is business cost analysis?
What is Inflation
What are the consequences of unemployment?
What is lithotripsy and its types?
What is transition elastography?
What is the purpose of deep brain stimulation?
What is a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
What is neuroethics?
What is Market and Supply and Demand
What is optogenetics?
What are the techniques to record brain activity?
What happens if the interest rate increases?
What is immunotherapy?
What is the economic role of the financial market?
What are the factors behind illegal immigration?
What is the lymphocyte activation?
What is financial market and its types?
What is the structure of financial markets?
What are the methods of measuring business performance?
What is the Credit market?
What is business ethics and code of ethics
What are the Causes of financial instability?
What is MBA with Concentrations
What is regenerative medicine?
What is Population ecology?
What is Microfinance: evolution, and practices?
What is biotechnology and its applications?
What are Workplace diversity and its benefits?
What is the difference between a leader and a manager?
What Is Branding and best branding Business strategies?
Why are microelectronics important?
What are biologic drugs.
What is the Foreign Exchange market?
What is the role of scientific research in times of crisis?
What are the risks of international trade?
What is financial management?
What is gene therapy?
What is education economics?
What is regression analysis, and why should you use it?
What Is Technology Marketing And How Should It Work?
What is Management Accounting
What are the methods of valuation of companies?
What is Immune System and Immunotherapy?
What is big data analytics?
What is the 7 layers of OSI model?
What is Neuroplasticity?
What are Sculpture art and its types?
What are the different genres of films?
What is Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?
What is TES-Transcranial electrical stimulation?
What is Relativism?
What is Vaccine skepticism, and what to do about it?
What happens in the brain when learning?
What is the deep neural network?
What is Convolutional Neural Network
What are the linear models in machine learning?